Radio Frequency Propagation Model and Fading of Wireless Signal at 2.4 GHz in Underground Coal Mine

TL;DR

This paper investigates radio frequency propagation and fading at 2.4 GHz in underground coal mines, proposing a method to determine path loss parameters for reliable wireless communication and localization.

Contribution

It introduces a novel experimental approach to determine radio propagation parameters in underground mines using XBee modules and ZigBee protocol.

Findings

Determined path loss indices specific to underground coal mine environment.

Developed a model for accurate signal localization in underground conditions.

Validated the model with practical experimental data.

Abstract

Deployment of wireless sensor networks and wireless communication systems have become indispensable for better real-time data acquisition from ground monitoring devices, gas sensors, and equipment used in underground mines as well as in locating the miners, since conventional methods like use of wireline communication are rendered ineffective in the event of mine hazards such as roof-falls, fire hazard etc. Before implementation of any wireless system, the variable path loss indices for different work place should be determined; this helps in better signal reception and sensor-node localisation. This also improves the method by which miner carrying the wireless device is tracked. This paper proposes a novel method for parameter determination of a suitable radio propagation model with the help of results of a practical experiment carried out in an underground coal mine of Southern India. The path loss indices along with other essential parameters for accurate localisation have been determined using XBee module and ZigBee protocol at 2.4 GHz frequency.