Mass Reach Scaling for Future Hadron Colliders

TL;DR

This paper examines how the required integrated luminosity for future hadron colliders scales with energy to maintain the same relative mass reach, highlighting the effects of PDF evolution and strong coupling on this scaling.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of luminosity scaling laws for future colliders, incorporating parton distribution functions and strong coupling effects, with benchmark examples of new physics scenarios.

Findings

Luminosity needs grow faster than naive s scaling due to PDF and coupling evolution.

The actual luminosity requirements depend on the specific new physics models considered.

Scaling violations slightly increase the luminosity needed compared to simple estimates.

Abstract

The primary goal of any future hadron collider is to discover new physics (NP) associated with a high mass scale, $M$, beyond the range of the LHC. In order to maintain the same {\it relative} mass reach for NP, $M/{\sqrt s}$, as $\sqrt s$ increases, Richter recently reminded us that the required integrated luminosity obtainable at future hadron colliders (FHC) must grow rapidly, $\sim s$, in the limit of naive scaling. This would imply, eg, a $\sim 50$-fold increase in the required integrated luminosity when going from the 14 TeV LHC to a FHC with $\sqrt s=100$ TeV, an increase that would prove quite challenging on many different fronts. In this paper we point out, due to the scaling violations associated with the evolution of the parton density functions (PDFs) and the running of the strong coupling, $\alpha_s$, that the actual luminosity necessary in order to maintain any fixed value of the relative mass reach is somewhat greater than this scaling result indicates. However, the actual values of the required luminosity scaling are found to be dependent upon the detailed nature of the NP being considered. Here we elucidate this point explicitly by employing several specific benchmark examples of possible NP scenarios and briefly discuss the (relatively weak) search impact in each case if these luminosity goals are not met.