Global simulations of protoplanetary disks with ohmic resistivity and ambipolar diffusion

TL;DR

This study presents global MHD simulations of protoplanetary disks incorporating Ohmic resistivity and ambipolar diffusion, demonstrating the natural emergence of physical disk winds and their role in accretion, with implications for planet formation.

Contribution

The paper introduces comprehensive global simulations including both Ohmic resistivity and ambipolar diffusion, advancing beyond previous local models to show realistic wind solutions and magnetic field behaviors.

Findings

Disk remains laminar with wind-driven accretion.

Physical wind solutions naturally arise in global models.

Ionization levels enable MRI channel modes and magnetic field structures.

Abstract

Protoplanetary disks are believed to accrete onto their central T Tauri star because of magnetic stresses. Recently published shearing box simulations indicate that Ohmic resistivity, ambipolar diffusion and the Hall effect all play important roles in disk evolution. In the presence of a vertical magnetic field, the disk remains laminar between 1-5au, and a magnetocentrifugal disk wind forms that provides an important mechanism for removing angular momentum. Questions remain, however, about the establishment of a true physical wind solution in the shearing box simulations because of the symmetries inherent in the local approximation. We present global MHD simulations of protoplanetary disks that include Ohmic resistivity and ambipolar diffusion, where the time-dependent gas-phase electron and ion fractions are computed under FUV and X-ray ionization with a simplified recombination chemistry. Our results show that the disk remains laminar, and that a physical wind solution arises naturally in global disk models. The wind is sufficiently efficient to explain the observed accretion rates. Furthermore, the ionization fraction at intermediate disk heights is large enough for magneto-rotational channel modes to grow and subsequently develop into belts of horizontal field. Depending on the ionization fraction, these can remain quasi-global, or break-up into discrete islands of coherent field polarity. The disk models we present here show a dramatic departure from our earlier models including Ohmic resistivity only. It will be important to examine how the Hall effect modifies the evolution, and to explore the influence this has on the observational appearance of such systems, and on planet formation and migration.