Entropy and drift in word hyperbolic groups

TL;DR

This paper proves that in non-elementary hyperbolic groups, the fundamental inequality relating entropy and drift is strict for symmetric measures with finite support, confirming a conjecture and revealing new properties of random walks.

Contribution

It establishes the strictness of Guivarc'h's inequality in non-virtually free hyperbolic groups for a broad class of measures, confirming Lalley's conjecture.

Findings

The inequality is strict for symmetric finite support measures in non-elementary hyperbolic groups.

Non-distorted points in infinite index subgroups are exponentially rare.

The result holds uniformly for measures with a fixed support, including degenerate measures.

Abstract

The fundamental inequality of Guivarc'h relates the entropy and the drift of random walks on groups. It is strict if and only if the random walk does not behave like the uniform measure on balls. We prove that, in any nonelementary hyperbolic group which is not virtually free, endowed with a word distance, the fundamental inequality is strict for symmetric measures with finite support, uniformly for measures with a given support. This answers a conjecture of S. Lalley. For admissible measures, this is proved using previous results of Ancona and Blach{\`e}re-Ha{\"i}ssinsky-Mathieu. For non-admissible measures, this follows from a counting result, interesting in its own right: we show that, in any infinite index subgroup, the number of non-distorted points is exponentially small. The uniformity is obtained by studying the behavior of measures that degenerate towards a measure supported on an elementary subgroup.