Strabismic syndromes and syndromic strabismus - a brief review

TL;DR

This paper reviews various syndromic conditions associated with strabismus, highlighting their genetic and systemic links, to improve understanding of complex cases and aid in diagnosis.

Contribution

It provides a concise overview of prevalent syndromic and syndromic-related strabismus, emphasizing their associations with genetic and systemic disorders.

Findings

Strabismus occurs with congenital heart diseases and genetic syndromes.

Heritable types include infantile esotropia and multisystem disorders.

Understanding syndromic links aids diagnosis and management.

Abstract

Strabismus can be found in association with congenital heart diseases, for examples, in velocardiofacial (DiGeorge) syndrome, Down syndrome, mild dysmorphic features, in CHARGE association, Turner syndrome, Ullrich-Turner syndrome, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome.1-4 Some types of strabismus is heritable (e.g. infantile esotropia syndrome), particularly the ones associated with multisystem disorders, e.g. Moebius syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, craniofacial dysostoses, and mitochondrial myopathies.5 Due to the complexities that a case of strabismus may pertain to, it is worthwhile to get to know more about the strabismic syndromes and syndromic strabismus. This brief review -as its name implied- does not attempt to cover every angle of the syndromic conditions, but offers a refreshment on our knowledge about more prevalent strabismus-related syndromes.