On the Continual Theory of Flexoelectric Deformations

TL;DR

This paper develops a detailed theoretical framework for flexoelectric deformations, emphasizing the converse effect and boundary problem solutions, with specific examples illustrating the application of the theory.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive theory for flexoelectric deformations, focusing on the converse effect and boundary problem solutions, including new mathematical methods for complex boundary conditions.

Findings

The theory effectively describes flexoelectric deformations considering finite size effects.

Boundary problems for the converse flexoelectric effect are complex and require specialized mathematical methods.

Examples demonstrate the practical application of the developed theoretical framework.

Abstract

In many cases the correct theoretical description of flexoelectricity requires the consideration of the finite size of a body and is reduced to the solution of boundary problems for partial differential equations. Generally speaking, in this case one should solve jointly the equations of polarization equilibrium and equations of elastic equilibrium. However, due to the fact that typically flexoelectric moduli are very small, usually one can consider the solution of polarization equilibrium equations at a given elastic strain (direct flexoelectric effect) or the solution of elastic equilibrium equations at given polarization (converse flexoelectric effect). Derivation of the polarization equilibrium equations and boundary conditions for them can be made in the quite usual way. Solution of these equations usually is not too difficult problem. On the contrary description of converse flexoelectric effect is more complicated problem. Inter alia effective solution of corresponded boundary problems requires the development of special mathematical methods. The subject of this paper is a detailed discussion of the relevant theory focuses on the converse flexoelectric effect. It is also considered some particular examples illustrating the application of the general theory.