Entangling Atomic Spins with a Strong Rydberg-Dressed Interaction

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a strong, tunable Rydberg-dressed interaction between ultracold cesium atom spins, enabling high-fidelity Bell-state entanglement crucial for quantum information processing.

Contribution

It introduces a Rydberg-dressed ground-state blockade technique that achieves strong, controllable interactions between neutral atom spins for the first time.

Findings

Achieved a tunable interaction energy of ~1 MHz.

Produced Bell-state entanglement with over 81% fidelity excluding atom loss.

Demonstrated entanglement fidelity of over 60% including atom loss.

Abstract

Controlling quantum entanglement between parts of a many-body system is the key to unlocking the power of quantum information processing for applications such as quantum computation, high-precision sensing, and simulation of many-body physics. Spin degrees of freedom of ultracold neutral atoms in their ground electronic state provide a natural platform given their long coherence times and our ability to control them with magneto-optical fields, but creating strong coherent coupling between spins has been challenging. We demonstrate a Rydberg-dressed ground-state blockade that provides a strong tunable interaction energy ($\sim$1 MHz in units of Planck's constant) between spins of individually trapped cesium atoms. With this interaction we directly produce Bell-state entanglement between two atoms with a fidelity $\geq$ 81(2)%, excluding atom loss events, and $\geq$ 60(3)% when loss is included.