Directional properties of polar paramagnetic molecules subject to congruent electric, magnetic and optical fields

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates how simultaneous electric, magnetic, and optical fields can enhance control over the directional properties of polar paramagnetic molecules beyond what single or double fields can achieve.

Contribution

It reveals the mechanisms by which triple-field interactions lift degeneracies and couple molecular states, enabling advanced manipulation of molecular orientation and alignment.

Findings

Triple fields amplify molecular directionality.

Magnetic fields lift degeneracy of projection quantum number M.

Weak electrostatic fields couple tunneling doublets.

Abstract

We show that congruent electric, magnetic and non-resonant optical fields acting concurrently on a polar paramagnetic (and polarisable) molecule offer possibilities to both amplify and control the directionality of the ensuing molecular states that surpass those available in double-field combinations or in single fields alone. At the core of these triple-field effects is the lifting of the degeneracy of the projection quantum number $M$ by the magnetic field superimposed on the optical field and a subsequent coupling of the members of the "doubled" (for states with $M \neq 0$) tunneling doublets due to the optical field by even a weak electrostatic field.