On automorphisms of the Banach space $\ell_\infty/c_0$

TL;DR

This paper studies automorphisms of the Banach space ll__0, exploring their representations, examples, and set-theoretic conditions affecting their structure and liftability.

Contribution

It introduces new classes of operators on ll__0, analyzes their properties, and shows how set-theoretic assumptions influence automorphism structures.

Findings

Existence of automorphisms not liftable to ll__0.

Under OCA+MA, automorphisms with no fountains or funnels are locally induced by bijections.

The continuum hypothesis implies the existence of diverse counterexamples.

Abstract

We investigate Banach space automorphisms $T:\ell_\infty/c_0\rightarrow\ell_\infty/c_0 $ focusing on the possibility of representing their fragments of the form $$T_{B,A}:\ell_\infty(A)/c_0(A)\rightarrow \ell_\infty(B)/c_0(B)$$ for $A, B\subseteq N$ infinite by means of linear operators from $\ell_\infty(A)$ into $\ell_\infty(B)$, infinite $A\times B$-matrices, continuous maps from $B^*=\beta B\setminus B$ into $A^*$, or bijections from $B$ to $A$. This leads to the analysis of general linear operators on $\ell_\infty/c_0$. We present many examples, introduce and investigate several classes of operators, for some of them we obtain satisfactory representations and for other give examples showing that it is impossible. In particular, we show that there are automorphisms of $\ell_\infty/c_0$ which cannot be lifted to operators on $\ell_\infty$ and assuming OCA+MA we show that every automorphism of $\ell_\infty/c_0$ with no fountains or with no funnels is locally, i.e., for some infinite $A, B\subseteq N$ as above, induced by a bijection from $B$ to $A$. This additional set-theoretic assumption is necessary as we show that the continuum hypothesis implies the existence of counterexamples of diverse flavours. However, many basic problems, some of which are listed in the last section, remain open.