Guidelines for the formulation of Lagrangian stochastic models for particle simulations of single-phase and dispersed two-phase turbulent flows

TL;DR

This paper establishes criteria for formulating Lagrangian stochastic models used in simulating turbulent flows, providing a unified framework for single-phase and two-phase flows and guiding future model development.

Contribution

It introduces a unified set of criteria for assessing and constructing Lagrangian stochastic models for turbulent flow simulations, addressing both single- and two-phase flows.

Findings

Criteria help evaluate existing models' acceptability.

Highlights potential pitfalls in model formulation.

Guides future development of stochastic models.

Abstract

In this paper, we establish a set of criteria which are applied to discuss various formulations under which Lagrangian stochastic models can be found. These models are used for the simulation of fluid particles in single-phase turbulence as well as for the fluid seen by discrete particles in dispersed turbulent two-phase flows. A central issue is to put forward reliable requirements which must be met by Lagrangian stochastic models and a new element brought by the present analysis is to address the single- and two-phase flow situations from a unified point of view.This analysis does not address the question of the relative predictive capacities of different models but concentrates on their formulation since advantages and disadvantages of different formulations are not always clear. Indeed, hidden in the changes from one structure to another are some possible pitfalls which can lead to flaws in the construction of practical models and to physically-unsound numerical calculations. A first interest of the present approach is illustrated by considering some models proposed in the literature and by showing that these criteria help to assess whether these Lagrangian stochastic models can be regarded as acceptable descriptions. A second interest is to indicate how future developments can be safely built, which is also relevant for stochastic subgrid models for particle-laden flows in the context of Large Eddy Simulations.