Extragalactic sources in Cosmic Microwave Background maps

TL;DR

This paper evaluates the capabilities of a proposed next-generation space-based CMB experiment, COrE+, for detecting and studying extragalactic sources, including galaxies, lensed galaxies, and proto-clusters, with significant improvements over Planck.

Contribution

It presents a detailed analysis of COrE+'s potential for extragalactic source detection, including simulations and expected scientific advancements across multiple astrophysical fields.

Findings

COrE+ will detect thousands of gravitationally lensed galaxies.

The experiment will significantly improve source detection limits over Planck.

High-frequency maps will enable studies of proto-clusters and magnetic fields in galaxies.

Abstract

We discuss the potential of a next generation space-borne CMB experiment for studies of extragalactic sources with reference to COrE+, a project submitted to ESA in response to the M4 call. We consider three possible options for the telescope size: 1m, 1.5m and 2m (although the last option is probably impractical, given the M4 boundary conditions). The proposed instrument will be far more sensitive than Planck and will have a diffraction-limited angular resolution. These properties imply that even the 1m telescope option will perform substantially better than Planck for studies of extragalactic sources. The source detection limits as a function of frequency have been estimated by means of realistic simulations. The most significant improvements over Planck results are presented for each option. COrE+ will provide much larger samples of truly local star-forming galaxies, making possible analyses of the properties of galaxies (luminosity functions, dust mass functions, star formation rate functions, dust temperature distributions, etc.) across the Hubble sequence. Even more interestingly, COrE+ will detect, at |b|> 30 deg, thousands of strongly gravitationally lensed galaxies. Such large samples are of extraordinary astrophysical and cosmological value in many fields. Moreover, COrE+ high frequency maps will be optimally suited to pick up proto-clusters of dusty galaxies, i.e. to investigate the evolution of large scale structure at larger redshifts than can be reached by other means. Thanks to its high sensitivity COrE+ will also yield a spectacular advance in the blind detection of extragalactic sources in polarization. This will open a new window for studies of radio source polarization and of the global properties of magnetic fields in star forming galaxies and of their relationships with SFRs.