Three-body nature of $N^{\bf *}$ and $\Delta^*$ resonances from sequential decay chains

TL;DR

This study investigates the decay chains of nucleon and delta resonances around 2 GeV, revealing multiple intermediate states and decay modes that support a three-quark structure for these resonances.

Contribution

It provides new experimental evidence for decay modes of $N^*$ and $\Delta^*$ resonances, supporting their three-quark nature over quark-diquark models.

Findings

Identification of intermediate resonances like $\Delta(1232)$, $N(1520)$, and $N(1680)$

First observation of certain decay modes in nucleon resonances

Evidence supporting a three-quark structure for $N^*$ resonances

Abstract

The $N\pi^0\pi^0$ decays of positive-parity $N^*$ and $\Delta^*$ resonances at about 2\,GeV are studied at ELSA by photoproduction of two neutral pions off protons. The data reveal clear evidence for several intermediate resonances: $\Delta(1232)$, $N(1520){3/2^-}$, and $N(1680){5/2^+}$, with spin-parities $J^P=3/2^+$, $3/2^-$, and $5/2^+$. The partial wave analysis (within the Bonn-Gatchina approach) identifies $N(1440)1/2^+$ and the $N(\pi\pi)_{\rm S-wave}$ (abbreviated as $N\sigma$ here) as further isobars, and assigns the final states to the formation of nucleon and $\Delta$ resonances and to non-resonant contributions. We observe the known $\Delta(1232)\pi$ decays of $\Delta(1910)1/2^+$, $\Delta(1920)3/2^+$, $\Delta(1905)5/2^+$, $\Delta(1950)7/2^+$, and of the corresponding spin-parity series in the nucleon sector, $N(1880)1/2^+$, $N(1900)3/2^+$, $N(2000)5/2^+$, and $N(1990)7/2^+$. For the nucleon resonances, these decay modes are reported here for the first time. Further new decay modes proceed via $N(1440)1/2^+\pi$, $N(1520)3/2^-\pi$, $N(1680)5/2^+\pi$, and $N\sigma$. The latter decay modes are observed in the decay of $N^*$ resonances and at most weakly in $\Delta^*$ decays. It is argued that these decay modes provide evidence for a 3-quark nature of $N^*$ resonances rather than a quark-diquark structure.