Paradoxes of cosmological physics in the beginning of the 21-st century

TL;DR

This paper reviews fundamental paradoxes in modern cosmology, examining their implications for the standard model and discussing observational tests to resolve these conceptual issues.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of key cosmological paradoxes and explores potential observational approaches to address them.

Findings

Identification of key paradoxes in the standard cosmological model

Discussion of observational tests for cosmological redshift nature

Analysis of conceptual problems in Friedmann models

Abstract

In the history of cosmology physical paradoxes played important role for development of contemporary world models. Within the modern standard cosmological model there are both observational and conceptual cosmological paradoxes which stimulate to search their solution. Confrontation of theoretical predictions of the standard cosmological model with the latest astrophysical observational data is considered. A review of conceptual problems of the Friedmann space expending models, which are in the bases of modern cosmological model, is discussed. The main paradoxes, which are discussed in modern literature, are the Newtonian character of the exact Friedmann equation, the violation of the energy conservation within any comoving local volume, violation of the limiting recession velocity of galaxies for the observed high redshift objects. Possible observational tests of the nature of the cosmological redshift are discussed