Early Universe in the SU(3)_L X U(1)_X electroweak models

TL;DR

This paper reviews 3-3-1 electroweak models and their cosmological implications, including inflation, phase transitions, and bounds on particle masses, showing compatibility with standard cosmology and addressing issues like neutrino physics and dark matter.

Contribution

It provides an updated analysis of 3-3-1 models' role in early universe cosmology and derives bounds on particle masses within these models.

Findings

Inflation occurs at the GUT scale in these models.

Phase transitions happen in two steps corresponding to symmetry breaking.

Mass bounds for heavy Higgs and doubly charged scalars are established.

Abstract

We present status of the 3-3-1 models and their implications to cosmological evolution such as inflation, phase transitions and sphalerons. The models can deal not only with the issues such as neutrino physics, dark matter, etc, but they are also able to provide quite good agreement with the Standard Cosmology: the inflation happens at the GUT scale, while phase transition has two sequences corresponding two steps of symmetry breaking in the models, namely: SU(3) --> SU(2) and SU(2) --> U(1). Some bounds on the model parameters are obtained: in the RM331, the mass of the heavy neutral Higgs boson is fixed in the range: 285.56 GeV <M_{h_2}< 1.746 TeV, and for the doubly charged scalar: 3.32 TeV <M_{h_{--}}< 5.61 TeV.