Propagation of chaos for the Landau equation with moderately soft potentials

TL;DR

This paper proves the propagation of chaos for the 3D Landau equation with moderately soft potentials, establishing convergence of particle systems to the equation's solution despite singularities, using stability estimates and coupling methods.

Contribution

It introduces new stability estimates and a novel approach to handle singularities, proving propagation of chaos for the Landau equation with potentials in (-2,0).

Findings

Established strong/weak stability estimates for the Landau equation.

Proved propagation of chaos for particle systems approximating the Landau equation.

Developed a method to control singularities using entropy dissipation and noise perturbation.

Abstract

We consider the 3D Landau equation for moderately soft potentials ($\gamma\in(-2,0)$ with the usual notation) as well as a stochastic system of $N$ particles approximating it. We first establish some strong/weak stability estimates for the Landau equation, which are satisfying only when $\gamma \in [-1,0)$. We next prove, under some appropriate conditions on the initial data, the so-called propagation of molecular chaos, i.e. that the empirical measure of the particle system converges to the unique solution of the Landau equation. The main difficulty is the presence of a singularity in the equation. When $\gamma \in (-1,0)$, the strong-weak uniqueness estimate allows us to use a coupling argument and to obtain a rate of convergence. When $\gamma \in (-2,-1]$, we use the classical martingale method introduced by McKean. To control the singularity, we have to take advantage of the regularity provided by the entropy dissipation. Unfortunately, this dissipation is too weak for some (very rare) aligned configurations. We thus introduce a perturbed system with an additional noise, show the propagation of chaos for that perturbed system and finally prove that the additional noise is almost never used in the limit.