Bloch Oscillations of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen States

TL;DR

This paper reports the first experimental observation of Bloch Oscillations in two-particle Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen states, revealing quantum correlations and transitions between particle bunching and antibunching.

Contribution

It demonstrates Bloch Oscillations of nonlocal quantum states, expanding the understanding of quantum dynamics beyond classical and separable states.

Findings

Observation of BOs in EPR states

Transitions from antibunching to bunching

Ability to tailor spatial correlations

Abstract

Bloch Oscillations (BOs) of quantum particles manifest themselves as periodic spreading and re-localization of the associated wave functions when traversing lattice potentials subject to external gradient forces. Albeit BOs are deeply rooted into the very foundations of quantum mechanics, all experimental observations of this phenomenon so far have only contemplated dynamics of one or two particles initially prepared in separable local states, which is well described by classical wave physics. Evidently, a more general description of genuinely quantum BOs will be achieved upon excitation of a Bloch-oscillator lattice system by nonlocal states, that is, containing correlations in contradiction with local realism. Here we report the first experimental observation of BOs of two-particle Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen states (EPR), whose associated N-particle wave functions are nonlocal by nature. The time evolution of two-photon EPR states in Bloch-oscillators, whether symmetric, antisymmetric or partially symmetric, reveals unexpected transitions from particle antibunching to bunching. Consequently, the initial state can be tailored to produce spatial correlations akin to bosons, fermions or anyons. These results pave the way for a wider class of photonic quantum simulators.