Influence of relativistic effects on satellite-based clock synchronization

TL;DR

This paper investigates how relativistic effects influence the accuracy of satellite-based quantum clock synchronization, proposing a scheme that accounts for Earth's spacetime curvature to improve precision in future quantum communication systems.

Contribution

It introduces a novel quantum clock synchronization scheme that incorporates Earth's gravitational effects and atmospheric dispersion cancellation, enhancing synchronization accuracy.

Findings

Relativistic gravitational effects distort pulse propagation between Earth and satellite.

Synchronization precision depends on source parameters and satellite altitude.

The proposed scheme can be implemented with current technology.

Abstract

Clock synchronization between the ground and satellites is a fundamental issue in future quantum telecommunication, navigation, and global positioning systems. Here, we propose a scheme of near-Earth orbit satellite-based quantum clock synchronization with atmospheric dispersion cancellation by taking into account the spacetime background of the Earth. Two frequency entangled pulses are employed to synchronize two clocks, one at a ground station and the other at a satellite. The time discrepancy of the two clocks is introduced into the pulses by moving mirrors and is extracted by measuring the coincidence rate of the pulses in the interferometer. We find that the pulses are distorted due to effects of gravity when they propagate between the Earth and the satellite, resulting in remarkably affected coincidence rates. We also find that the precision of the clock synchronization is sensitive to the source parameters and the altitude of the satellite. The scheme provides a solution for satellite-based quantum clock synchronization with high precision, which can be realized, in principle, with current technology.