An Estimate of the Thermodynamic Pressure in High-Energy Collisions

TL;DR

This paper proposes a new method to estimate thermodynamic pressure in high-energy heavy-ion collisions using moments of particle multiplicities, linking experimental data with lattice QCD and QGP formation time.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach to derive thermodynamic pressure from experimental multiplicity moments, bridging measurements with theoretical lattice QCD calculations.

Findings

First-order moment matches the integral of the variance.

Thermodynamic pressure can be estimated from the integral of mean multiplicity.

Potential comparison with lattice pressure and energy density relations.

Abstract

We introduce a novel approach to estimate the thermodynamic pressure from heavy-ion collisions based on recently measured higher-order moments of particle multiplicities by the STAR experiment. We start with fitting the experimental results in the most-central collisions. Then, we integrate them back to lower ones. For example, we find that the first-order moment, the mean multiplicity, is exactly reproduced from the integral of variance, the second-order moment. Therefore, the zero-order moment, the thermodynamic pressure, can be estimated from the integral of the mean multiplicity. the possible comparison between such a kind of pressure (deduced from the integral of particle multiplicity) and the lattice pressure and the relating of Bjorken energy density to the lattice energy density are depending on lattice QCD at finite baryon chemical potential and first-principle estimation of the formation time of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP).