Alborz-I array: a simulation on performance and properties of the array around the knee of the cosmic ray spectrum

TL;DR

This paper presents a simulation study of the Alborz-I array's performance in detecting extensive air showers around the cosmic ray spectrum knee, including trigger efficiency, event rates, and angular resolution.

Contribution

It provides a detailed simulation-based evaluation of array layouts, trigger conditions, and performance metrics for the Alborz-I cosmic ray observatory prototype.

Findings

Estimated event detection rates above 1 TeV for various array configurations.

Trigger probability functions as a function of shower core distance.

Angular resolution capabilities of the Alborz-I array.

Abstract

The first phase of the Alborz Observatory Array (Alborz-I) consists of 20 plastic scintillation detectors each one with surface area of 0.25 $m^{2}$ spread over an area of 40$\times$40 $m^{2}$ realized to the study of Extensive Air Showers around the $\it knee$ at the Sharif University of Technology campus. The first stage of the project including construction and operation of a prototype system has now been completed and the electronics that will be used in the array instrument has been tested under field conditions. In order to achieve a realistic estimate of the array performance, a large number of simulated CORSIKA~\cite{a} showers have been used. In the present work, theoretical results obtained in the study of different array layouts and trigger conditions are described. Using Monte Carlo simulations of showers the rate of detected events per day and the trigger probability functions, i.e., the probability for an extensive air shower to trigger a ground based array as a function of the shower core distance to the center of array are presented for energies above 1 TeV and zenith angles up to 60$^{\circ}$. Moreover, the angular resolution of the Alborz-I array is obtained.