Full Duplex Operation for Small Cells

TL;DR

This paper explores the practical implementation of full duplex operation in small cellular systems, proposing a hybrid scheduling method that significantly improves throughput while managing interference.

Contribution

It introduces a joint UE selection and power allocation algorithm with a hybrid scheduling policy for multi-cell small systems, demonstrating near-doubling of throughput in practical scenarios.

Findings

Up to 94% throughput improvement indoors

Up to 61% throughput improvement outdoors

Effective hybrid scheduling balances FD and HD operation

Abstract

Full duplex (FD) communications has the potential to double the capacity of a half duplex (HD) system at the link level. However, FD operation increases the aggregate interference on each communication link, which limits the capacity improvement. In this paper, we investigate how much of the potential doubling can be practically achieved in the resource-managed, small multi-cellular system, similar to the TDD variant of LTE, both in indoor and outdoor environments, assuming FD base stations (BSs) and HD user equipment (UEs). We focus on low-powered small cellular systems, because they are more suitable for FD operation given practical self-interference cancellation limits. A joint UE selection and power allocation method for a multi-cell scenario is presented, where a hybrid scheduling policy assigns FD timeslots when it provides a throughput advantage by pairing UEs with appropriate power levels to mitigate the mutual interference, but otherwise defaults to HD operation. Due to the complexity of finding the globally optimum solution of the proposed algorithm, a sub-optimal method based on a heuristic greedy algorithm for UE selection, and a novel solution using geometric programming for power allocation, is proposed. With practical self-interference cancellation, antennas and circuits, it is shown that the proposed hybrid FD system achieves as much as 94% throughput improvement in the downlink, and 92% in the uplink, compared to a HD system in an indoor multi-cell scenario and 54% in downlink and 61% in uplink in an outdoor multi-cell scenario. Further, we also compare the energy efficiency of FD operation.