Real time dynamics and proposal for feasible experiments of lattice gauge-Higgs model simulated by cold atoms

TL;DR

This paper explores real-time dynamics of the lattice gauge-Higgs model using cold atoms, providing numerical insights and proposing feasible experimental methods for quantum simulation on optical lattices.

Contribution

It introduces a novel atomic description enabling real-time dynamics study and proposes two practical methods for simulating the U(1) lattice gauge-Higgs model with cold atoms.

Findings

Numerical simulations reveal dynamical characteristics of electric flux.

Phase diagram of the gauge-Higgs model is determined.

Feasible experimental setups are proposed for quantum simulation.

Abstract

Lattice gauge theory has provided a crucial non-perturbative method in studying canonical models in high-energy physics such as quantum chromodynamics. Among other models of lattice gauge theory, the lattice gauge-Higgs model is a quite important one because it describes wide variety of phenomena/models related to the Anderson-Higgs mechanism such as superconductivity, the standard model of particle physics, and inflation process of the early universe. In this paper, we first show that atomic description of the lattice gauge model allows us to explore real time dynamics of the gauge variables by using the Gross-Pitaevskii equations. Numerical simulations of the time development of an electric flux reveal some interesting characteristics of dynamical aspect of the model and determine its phase diagram. Next, to realize a quantum simulator of the U(1) lattice gauge-Higgs model on an optical lattice filled by cold atoms, we propose two feasible methods: (i) Wannier states in the excited bands and (ii) dipolar atoms in a multilayer optical lattice. We pay attentions to respect the constraint of Gauss's law and avoid nonlocal gauge interactions.