
TL;DR
This review analyzes atmospheric muon and neutrino fluxes at high energies, discussing their features, the impact of cosmic-ray spectrum uncertainties, and implications for astrophysical neutrino detection, with recent IceCube results included.
Contribution
It introduces a simple numerical/analytic method to systematically investigate uncertainties in atmospheric neutrino flux predictions.
Findings
Analysis of muon charge ratio implications for neutrino fluxes
Methods to incorporate cosmic-ray spectrum effects
Application to recent IceCube neutrino data
Abstract
This review of atmospheric muons and neutrinos emphasizes the high energy range relevant for backgrounds to high-energy neutrinos of astrophysical origin. After a brief historical introduction, the main distinguishing features of atmospheric and are discussed, along with the implications of the muon charge ratio for the ratio. Methods to account for effects of the knee in the primary cosmic-ray spectrum and the energy-dependence of hadronic interactions on the neutrino fluxes are discussed and illustrated in the context of recent results from IceCube. A simple numerical/analytic method is proposed for systematic investigation of uncertainties in neutrino fluxes arising from uncertainties in the primary cosmic-ray spectrum/composition and hadronic interactions.
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