Superconducting hot-electron nanobolometer with microwave bias and readout

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new superconducting nanobolometer detector, RFTES, utilizing RF bias and readout for improved large-array THz detection with demonstrated optical response and low noise performance.

Contribution

The paper presents the design and feasibility of RFTES, a superconducting nanobolometer with RF bias/readout suitable for large-array THz detection using FDM.

Findings

Demonstrated optical response to THz radiation

Achieved NEP of 1e-14 W/√Hz at 4.2 K

Operated successfully with all-Nb technology

Abstract

We propose a new detection technique based on radio-frequency (RF) bias and readout of an antenna-coupled superconducting nanobolometer. This approach is suitable for Frequency-Division-Multiplexing (FDM) readout of large arrays using broadband low-noise RF amplifier. We call this new detector RFTES. This feasibility study was made on demonstrator devices which are made in all-Nb technology and operate at 4.2 K. The studied RFTES devices consist of an antenna-coupled superconducting nanobolometer made of ultrathin niobium films with transition temperature Tc = 5.2 K. The 0.65-THz antenna and nanobolometer are embedded as a load into a GHz-range coplanar niobium resonator (Tc = 8.9 K, Q = 4000). To heat the superconducting Nb nanobolometer close to the Tc, the RF power at resonator frequency f = 5.8 GHz is applied via a transmission line which is weakly coupled (-11 dB) to the loaded resonator. The THz-antenna of RFTES was placed in the focus of a sapphire immersion lens inside a He4-cryostat equipped with an optical window and a semiconductor RF amplifier. We have demonstrated optical response of the RFTES to THz radiation. The demonstrator receiver system employing the RFTES device showed an optical Noise-Equivalent Power (NEP) 1e-14 W/sqrt(Hz) at 4.2 K.