Living beyond the edge: Higgs inflation and vacuum metastability

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that Higgs inflation remains viable even if the Standard Model vacuum is metastable, due to effects like coupling renormalization and symmetry restoration after inflation.

Contribution

It reveals that Higgs inflation can occur with a metastable vacuum, incorporating overlooked effects such as coupling renormalization and symmetry restoration.

Findings

Higgs inflation is possible with a metastable vacuum.

Effective coupling renormalization occurs at M_P/ξ scale.

High temperature effects restore symmetry after inflation.

Abstract

The measurements of the Higgs mass and top Yukawa coupling indicate that we live in a very special Universe, at the edge of the absolute stability of the electroweak vacuum. If fully stable, the Standard Model (SM) can be extended all the way up to the inflationary scale and the Higgs field, non-minimally coupled to gravity with strength $\xi$, can be responsible for inflation. We show that the successful Higgs inflation scenario can also take place if the SM vacuum is not absolutely stable. This conclusion is based on two effects that were overlooked previously. The first one is associated with the effective renormalization of the SM couplings at the energy scale $M_P/\xi$, where $M_P$ is the Planck scale. The second one is a symmetry restoration after inflation due to high temperature effects that leads to the (temporary) disappearance of the vacuum at Planck values of the Higgs field.