General-relativistic monopole magnetosphere of neutron stars: a pseudo-spectral discontinuous Galerkin approach

TL;DR

This paper develops a high-precision numerical method using pseudo-spectral discontinuous Galerkin techniques to solve the general-relativistic electromagnetic field equations around neutron stars, including plasma effects, to better understand their magnetospheres.

Contribution

It introduces an improved numerical code based on discontinuous Galerkin methods for modeling neutron star magnetospheres in curved spacetime, incorporating plasma screening effects.

Findings

Successfully computed general-relativistic monopole solutions

Validated code against analytical solutions in flat spacetime

Demonstrated capability to simulate extended domains around neutron stars

Abstract

The close vicinity of neutron stars remains poorly constrained by observations. Although plenty of data are available for the peculiar class of pulsars we are still unable to deduce the underlying plasma distribution in their magnetosphere. In the present paper, we try to unravel the magnetospheric structure starting from basic physics principles and reasonable assumptions about the magnetosphere. Beginning with the monopole force-free case, we compute accurate general-relativistic solutions for the electromagnetic field around a slowly rotating magnetized neutron star. Moreover, here we address this problem by including the important effect of plasma screening. This is achieved by solving the time-dependent Maxwell equations in a curved space-time following the 3+1~formalism. We improved our previous numerical code based on pseudo-spectral methods in order to allow for possible discontinuities in the solution. Our algorithm based on a multi-domain decomposition of the simulation box belongs to the discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods. We performed several sets of simulations to look for the general-relativistic force-free monopole and split monopole solutions. Results show that our code is extremely powerful in handling extended domains of hundredth of light-cylinder radii~$\rlight$. The code has been validated against known exact analytical monopole solutions in flat space-time. We also present semi-analytical calculations for the general-relativistic vacuum monopole.