Stochastic motion of bumps in planar neural fields

TL;DR

This paper studies how random noise affects the movement of neural activity bumps in planar neural fields, deriving explicit formulas for their diffusive behavior and how external inputs can stabilize their position.

Contribution

It introduces a stochastic model for bump dynamics in neural fields, deriving explicit diffusion coefficients and analyzing the influence of external inputs on bump stability.

Findings

Bumps exhibit diffusive wandering due to noise, modeled as two-dimensional Brownian motion.

Weak external inputs can pin bumps, preventing diffusion and shaping their positional dynamics.

Analytical results match well with numerical simulations of bump motion.

Abstract

We analyze the effects of spatiotemporal noise on stationary pulse solutions (bumps) in neural field equations on planar domains. Neural fields are integrodifferential equations whose integral kernel describes the strength and polarity of synaptic interactions between neurons at different spatial locations of the network. Fluctuations in neural activity are incorporated by modeling the system as a Langevin equation evolving on a planar domain. Noise causes bumps to wander about the domain in a purely diffusive way. Utilizing a small noise expansion along with a solvability condition, we can derive an effective stochastic equation describing the bump dynamics as two-dimensional Brownian motion. The diffusion coefficient can then be computed explicitly. We also show that weak external inputs can pin the bump so it no longer wanders diffusively. Inputs reshape the effective potential that guides the dynamics of the bump position, so it tends to lie near attractors which can be single points or contours in the plane. Perturbative analysis shows the bump position evolves as a multivariate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process whose relaxation constants are determined by the shape of the input. Our analytical approximations all compare well to statistics of bump motion in numerical simulations.