Divergence and q-divergence in depth 2

TL;DR

This paper proves a conjecture relating the Kashiwara-Vergne Lie algebra to the Grothendieck-Teichmüller Lie algebra in depth 2, using divergence cocycles and dihedral group representation theory, revealing new properties of these cocycles.

Contribution

It establishes the isomorphism of the Kashiwara-Vergne Lie algebra with a sum involving the Grothendieck-Teichmüller algebra in depth 2, introducing super-divergence and q-divergence cocycles.

Findings

Proves the Kashiwara-Vergne conjecture in depth 2.

Shows that super-divergence and q-divergence cocycles have no kernel in depth 2.

Contrasts divergence cocycle behavior with its vanishing on commutators.

Abstract

The Kashiwara-Vergne Lie algebra $\mathfrak{krv}$ encodes symmetries of the Kashiwara-Vergne problem on the properties of the Campbell-Hausdorff series. It is conjectures that $\mathfrak{krv} \cong \mathbb{K}t \oplus \mathfrak{grt}_1$, where $t$ is a generator of degree 1 and $\mathfrak{grt}_1$ is the Grothendieck-Teichm\"uller Lie algebra. In the paper, we prove this conjecture in depth 2. The main tools in the proof are the divergence cocycle and the representation theory of the dihedral group $D_{12}$. Our calculation is similar to the calculation by Zagier of the graded dimensions of the double shuffle Lie algebra in depth 2. In analogy to the divergence cocycle, we define the super-divergence and $q$-divergence cocycles (here $q^l=1$) on Lie subalgebras of $\mathfrak{grt}_1$ which consist of elements with weight divisible by $l$. We show that in depth $2$ these cocycles have no kernel. This result is in sharp contrast with the fact that the divergence cocycle vanishes on $[\mathfrak{grt}_1, \mathfrak{grt}_1]$.