Phonon-assisted carrier motion on the Wannier-Stark ladder

TL;DR

This paper investigates how weak to moderate electron-phonon interactions influence carrier localization in a biased system, revealing that lattice coupling can delocalize carriers and produce resonant states within the Wannier-Stark ladder spectrum.

Contribution

It introduces a combined SCBA and MA approach to study phonon-assisted carrier motion and localization in biased systems, extending understanding of polaron dynamics under electric fields.

Findings

Lattice coupling delocalizes carriers in a biased system.

Long-lived resonances can appear in the polaron spectrum.

The method can validate simple variational approximations.

Abstract

It is well known that at zero temperature and in the absence of electron-phonon coupling, the presence of an electric field leads to localization of carriers residing in a single band of finite bandwidth. We implement the Self-Consistent Born Approximation (SCBA) to study the effect of weak electron-phonon coupling on the motion of a carrier in a biased system. At moderate and strong electron-phonon coupling we supplement the SCBA, describing the string of phonons left behind by the carrier, with the Momentum Average (MA) approximation to describe the phonon cloud that accompanies the resulting polaron. We find that coupling to the lattice delocalizes the carrier, as expected, although long-lived resonances resulting from the Wannier-Stark states of the polaron may appear in the spectrum in certain regions of the parameter space. The approach we propose here can also be used to implement and check the validity of simple variational approximations.