Polyakov SU(3) extended linear $\sigma$-model: Sixteen mesonic states in chiral phase-structure

TL;DR

This paper extends the SU(3) linear sigma-model with Polyakov loop to study the thermal and dense medium effects on sixteen mesonic states, analyzing chiral and deconfinement phase-transitions and meson mass behaviors.

Contribution

It introduces an extended SU(3) linear sigma-model incorporating Polyakov loop potentials and analyzes meson mass modifications across phase boundaries, providing new insights into chiral symmetry restoration.

Findings

Polyakov loop potential significantly sharpens chiral phase transition.

Different mesonic states dissolve at varying temperatures and chemical potentials.

Scalar meson masses are temperature-independent at large N_c and high T.

Abstract

The derivative of the grand potential in mean field approximation, non-strange and strange condensates and deconfinement phase-transition in thermal and dense hadronic medium are verified in extended SU(3) linear sigma-model (eLSM). In determining the chiral phase-transition, the chiral condensates sigma_x and sigma_y are analysed. The chiral mesonic phase-structures in temperature- and density-dependence are taken as free parameters to be fitted. These parameters are classified corresponding to scalar meson nonets; (pseudo)-scalar and (axial)-vector. For deconfinement phase-transition, effective Polyakov loop-potentials phi and phi^* are utilized. We investigated the in-medium effects on the masses of sixteen mesonic states states. The results are presented for two different forms for the effective Polyakov loop-potential and compared with other models with and without anomalous terms. The Polyakov loop potential in LSM has considerable effects on the chiral phase-transition in meson masses so that the restoration of the chiral symmetry becomes sharper and faster than LSM. We normalize all mesonic states with respect to the lowest Matsubara frequency. It has been found that the various mesonic states have different dissolving temperatures and chemical potentials, i.e. they survive the typically-averaged QCD phase boundary, defined by the QCD critical temperatures with varying chemical potentials. The thermal behavior of all meson masses has been investigated in the large-$N_c$ limit and found that the scalar meson masses are T-independent at large $N_c$ and high $T$ (except pi and sigma). For the pseudoscalar meson masses, the large N_c limit unifies the $T$-dependence of all states in a universal bundle. The same is also observed for axial and axialvector meson masses in the large-N_c limit.