Effective Temperature of Non-equilibrium Dense Matter in Holography

TL;DR

This paper investigates the effective temperature in non-equilibrium steady states of dense matter using holography, revealing how pair creation and charge flow influence the temperature.

Contribution

It provides a holographic analysis of effective temperature in non-equilibrium systems, highlighting the roles of pair creation and charge flow in temperature modulation.

Findings

Effective temperature matches Langevin systems when pair creation is negligible.

Pair creation increases the effective temperature.

Doped charge current decreases the effective temperature.

Abstract

We study properties of effective temperature of non-equilibrium steady states by using the anti-de Sitter spacetime/conformal field theory (AdS/CFT) correspondence. We consider non-equilibrium systems with a constant flow of current along an electric field, in which the current is carried by both the doped charges and those pair created by the electric field. We find that the effective temperature agrees with that of the Langevin systems if we take the limit where the pair creation is negligible. The effect of pair creation raises the effective temperature whereas the current by the doped charges contributes to lower the effective temperature in a wide range of the holographic models.