Automated determination of g-mode period spacing of red-giant stars

TL;DR

This paper introduces an automated method to determine the period spacing of gravity modes in red-giant stars using Kepler data, enabling analysis of large stellar samples and providing insights into stellar core conditions.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel automated technique based on mode alignment and symmetry in period echelle diagrams for measuring gravity-mode period spacings in red giants.

Findings

Reliable results for model and observed frequencies

Monte Carlo tests for uncertainty estimation

Improved mode detection and identification

Abstract

The Kepler satellite has provided photometric timeseries data of unprecedented length, duty cycle and precision. To fully analyse these data for the tens of thousands of stars observed by Kepler, automated methods are a prerequisite. Here we present an automated procedure to determine the period spacing of gravity modes in red-giant stars ascending the red-giant branch. The gravity modes reside in a cavity in the deep interior of the stars and provide information on the conditions in the stellar core. However, for red giants the gravity modes are not directly observable on the surface, hence this method is based on the pressure-gravity mixed modes that present observable features in the Fourier power spectrum. The method presented here is based on the vertical alignment and symmetry of these mixed modes in a period echelle diagram. We find that we can obtain reliable results for both model frequencies and observed frequencies. Additionally, we carried out Monte Carlo tests to obtain realistic uncertainties on the period spacings with different set of oscillation modes (for the models) and uncertainties on the frequencies. Furthermore, this method has been used to improve mode detection and identification of the observed frequencies in an iterative manner.