Broadband Electrically Detected Magnetic Resonance Using Adiabatic Pulses

TL;DR

This paper introduces a broadband EDMR setup with adiabatic pulses and non-resonant stripline antennas, enabling precise control of ESR and NMR transitions across a wide frequency range with minimal power.

Contribution

It presents a novel broadband microwave setup using non-resonant stripline structures and adiabatic pulses for improved ESR and NMR excitation and detection.

Findings

Achieved $ ext{π}$ pulse times of 50 ns for ESR and 70 μs for NMR.

Demonstrated compensation of microwave inhomogeneity with adiabatic BIR4 pulses.

Operates effectively from 4 MHz to 18 GHz.

Abstract

We present a broadband microwave setup for electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) based on microwave antennae with the ability to apply arbitrarily shaped pulses for the excitation of electron spin resonance (ESR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of spin ensembles. This setup uses non-resonant stripline structures for on-chip microwave delivery and is demonstrated to work in the frequency range from 4 MHz to 18 GHz. $\pi$ pulse times of 50 ns and 70 $\mu$s for ESR and NMR transitions, respectively, are achieved with as little as 100 mW of microwave or radiofrequency power. The use of adiabatic pulses fully compensates for the microwave magnetic field inhomogeneity of the stripline antennae, as demonstrated with the help of BIR4 unitary rotation pulses driving the ESR transition of neutral phosphorus donors in silicon and the NMR transitions of ionized phosphorus donors as detected by electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR).