Inflation, String Theory and Cosmology

TL;DR

This paper reviews how string theory can realize inflation, predicts the existence of low-tension cosmic strings as relics, and discusses their potential observational signatures to shed light on the universe's origins.

Contribution

It introduces specific mechanisms of inflation within string theory and explores the observational prospects of cosmic strings as remnants of early universe physics.

Findings

Cosmic strings with low tension may survive in the universe.

Such strings could be detected via gravitational lensing and gravitational waves.

These observations can inform fundamental physics and string theory models.

Abstract

At its very beginning, the universe is believed to have grown exponentially in size via the mechanism of inflation. The almost scale-invariant density perturbation spectrum predicted by inflation is strongly supported by cosmological observations, in particular the cosmic microwave background radiation. However, the universe's precise inflationary scenario remains a profound problem for cosmology and for fundamental physics. String theory, the most-studied theory as the final physical theory of nature, should provide an answer to this question. Some of the proposals on how inflation is realized in string theory are reviewed. Since everything is made of strings, some string loops of cosmological sizes are likely to survive in the hot big bang that followed inflation. They appear as cosmic strings, which can have intricate properties. Because of the warped geometry in flux compactification of the extra spatial dimensions in string theory, some of the cosmic strings may have tensions substantially below the Planck or string scale. Such strings cluster in a manner similar to dark matter leading to hugely enhanced densities. As a result, numerous fossil remnants of the low tension cosmic strings may exist within the galaxy. They can be revealed through the optical lensing of background stars in the near future and studied in detail through gravitational wave emission. We anticipate that these cosmic strings will permit us to address central questions about the properties of string theory as well as the birth of our universe.