Special relativity as the limit of an Aristotelian universal friction theory under Reye's assumption

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that a classical friction-based theory with mass variation can naturally lead to special relativity in the limit of vanishing friction, suggesting relativity may emerge from an Aristotelian framework.

Contribution

It introduces a classical mechanics model with universal friction and mass variation that reproduces special relativity as a limiting case, linking Aristotelian physics to modern relativity.

Findings

Mass depends on velocity as in special relativity.

In the limit of zero friction, the theory satisfies a relativity principle.

The theory predicts the Hubble law via tired light, but conflicts with supernova observations.

Abstract

This work explores a classical mechanical theory under two further assumptions: (a) there is a universal dry friction force (Aristotelian mechanics), and (b) the variation of the mass of a body due to wear is proportional to the work done by the friction force on the body (Reye's hypothesis). It is shown that mass depends on velocity as in Special Relativity, and that the velocity is constant for a particular characteristic value. In the limit of vanishing friction the theory satisfies a relativity principle as bodies do not decelerate and, therefore, the absolute frame becomes unobservable. However, the limit theory is not Newtonian mechanics, with its Galilei group symmetry, but rather Special Relativity. This result suggests to regard Special Relativity as the limit of a theory presenting universal friction and exchange of mass-energy with a reservoir (vacuum). Thus, quite surprisingly, Special Relativity follows from the absolute space (ether) concept and could have been discovered following studies of Aristotelian mechanics and friction. We end the work confronting the full theory with observations. It predicts the Hubble law through tired light, and hence it is incompatible with supernova light curves unless both mechanisms of tired light (locally) and universe expansion (non-locally) are at work. It also nicely accounts for some challenging numerical coincidences involving phenomena under low acceleration.