Emergence of $q$-statistical functions in a generalized binomial distribution with strong correlations

TL;DR

This paper introduces a generalized binomial distribution based on q-exponentials, revealing emergent q-Gaussian behaviors and large deviation properties, with implications for correlated systems and connections to Pólya urn models.

Contribution

It presents a novel q-generalized binomial distribution with strong correlations, demonstrating emergent q-Gaussian distributions and large deviation behaviors, extending classical probability models.

Findings

Distribution approaches a q-Gaussian for large N

Large deviations follow a q-exponential decay

Law of large numbers is violated for gamma=1

Abstract

We study a symmetric generalization $\mathfrak{p}^{(N)}_k(\eta, \alpha)$ of the binomial distribution recently introduced by Bergeron et al, where $\eta \in [0,1]$ denotes the win probability, and $\alpha$ is a positive parameter. This generalization is based on $q$-exponential generating functions ($e_{q^{gen}}^z \equiv [1+(1-q^{gen})z]^{1/(1-q^{gen})};\,e_{1}^z=e^z)$ where $q^{gen}=1+1/\alpha$. The numerical calculation of the probability distribution function of the number of wins $k$, related to the number of realizations $N$, strongly approaches a discrete $q^{disc}$-Gaussian distribution, for win-loss equiprobability (i.e., $\eta=1/2$) and all values of $\alpha$. Asymptotic $N\to \infty$ distribution is in fact a $q^{att}$-Gaussian $e_{q^{att}}^{-\beta z^2}$, where $q^{att}=1-2/(\alpha-2)$ and $\beta=(2\alpha-4)$. The behavior of the scaled quantity $k/N^\gamma$ is discussed as well. For $\gamma<1$, a large-deviation-like property showing a $q^{ldl}$-exponential decay is found, where $q^{ldl}=1+1/(\eta\alpha)$. For $\eta=1/2$, $q^{ldl}$ and $q^{att}$ are related through $1/(q^{ldl}-1)+1/(q^{att}-1)=1$, $\forall \alpha$. For $\gamma=1$, the law of large numbers is violated, and we consistently study the large-deviations with respect to the probability of the $N\to\infty$ limit distribution, yielding a power law, although not exactly a $q^{LD}$-exponential decay. All $q$-statistical parameters which emerge are univocally defined by $(\eta, \alpha)$. Finally we discuss the analytical connection with the P\'{o}lya urn problem.