A Monte Carlo framework for noncontinuous interactions between particles and classical fields

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel Monte Carlo method for simulating non-continuous, energy- and momentum-conserving interactions between particles and scalar fields, enabling more accurate modeling of scattering processes.

Contribution

The paper presents a new Monte Carlo framework that models discrete particle-field interactions with full conservation laws, improving upon effective theories like Langevin equations.

Findings

Successfully models energy exchange via discrete quanta

Achieves thermal and chemical equilibrium in simulations

Demonstrates applicability to complex 3D field-particle systems

Abstract

Particles and fields are standard components in numerical simulations like transport simulations in nuclear physics and have very well understood dynamics. Still, a common problem is the interaction between particles and fields due to their different formal description. Particle interactions are discrete, point-like events while fields have purely continuous equations of motion. A workaround is the use of effective theories like the Langevin equation with the drawback of energy conservation violation. We present a new method, which allows to model non-continuous interactions between particles and scalar fields, allowing us to simulate scattering-like interactions which exchange energy and momentum quanta between fields and particles obeying full energy and momentum conservation and control over interaction strengths and times. In this paper we apply this method to different model systems, starting with a simple scalar harmonic oscillator which is damped by losing discrete energy quanta. The second and third system is a scalar oscillator and a one dimensional field which are both damped by discrete energy loss and which are coupled to a stochastic force, leading to equilibrium states which correspond to statistical Langevin-like systems. The last example is a scalar field in 3D which is coupled to a microcanonical ensemble of particles by incorporating particle production and annihilation processes. Obeying the detailed-balance principle, the system equilibrates to thermal and chemical equilibrium with dynamical fluctuations on the fields, generated dynamically by the discrete interactions.