Stationary vortex flows and macroscopic Zeno effect in Bose-Einstein condensates with localized dissipation

TL;DR

This paper theoretically explores how localized dissipation in a 2D Bose-Einstein condensate can induce stable vortex flows and demonstrate the macroscopic Zeno effect, characterized by a nonmonotonous current response to dissipation strength.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of stable stationary vortex flows in BECs with localized dissipation and links this to the macroscopic Zeno effect, a novel theoretical insight.

Findings

Stable vortex flows can be generated by localized dissipation.

The inward superfluid flow compensates atomic losses.

The inward current density shows a nonmonotonous dependence on dissipation strength.

Abstract

We theoretically demonstrate a possibility to observe the macroscopic Zeno effect in an effectively two-dimensional (pancake-shaped) repulsive Bose--Einstein condensate subjected to a strong narrow dissipation. We show that the dissipation can generate stable stationary nonlinear flows which bear either zero or non-zero topological charge (vorticity). The superfluid flows towards the dissipative defect compensate the atomic losses. The macroscopic Zeno effect manifests itself in a nonmonotonous dependence of the inward current density on the strength of the dissipation.