Universal scaling of the 3:2 twin-peak quasi-periodic oscillation frequencies with black hole mass and spin revisited

TL;DR

This paper revisits the universal inverse scaling relationship between the 3:2 twin-peak QPO frequencies and black hole mass and spin, supporting the idea that QPOs can be used to measure black hole properties across mass ranges.

Contribution

It provides further observational evidence for the universal scaling law of twin-peak QPO frequencies with black hole mass and spin, extending previous findings.

Findings

QPO frequencies scale inversely with black hole mass

Scaling applies across stellar to supermassive black holes

Supports using QPOs for black hole parameter estimation

Abstract

We discuss further observational support of an idea formulated a decade ago by Abramowicz, Klu{\'z}niak, McClintock and Remillard. They demonstrated that the 3:2 pairs of frequencies of the twin-peak black hole (BH) high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) scale inversely with the BH masses and that the scaling covers the entire range from stellar to supermassive BHs. For this reason, they believed that the QPOs may be used for accurate measurements of masses and spins of BHs.