Subarcsecond international LOFAR radio images of the M82 nucleus at 118 MHz and 154 MHz

TL;DR

This study demonstrates high-resolution low-frequency radio imaging of M82's nucleus using LOFAR, revealing detailed structures and constraining the spectra of compact and diffuse emission in the starburst region.

Contribution

It presents the first high-resolution low-frequency images of M82 using international LOFAR baselines, achieving a new imaging record and providing insights into the galaxy's nuclear structure.

Findings

Detected 16 objects at 154 MHz, six also at 118 MHz.

Resolved a linear filament and shell structures in the starburst region.

Did not detect emission from specific supernova or transient sources.

Abstract

The nuclear starburst in the nearby galaxy M82 provides an excellent laboratory for understanding the physics of star formation. This galaxy has been extensively observed in the past, revealing tens of radio-bright compact objects embedded in a diffuse free-free absorbing medium. Our understanding of the structure and physics of this medium in M82 can be greatly improved by high-resolution images at low frequencies where the effects of free-free absorption are most prominent. The aims of this study are, firstly, to demonstrate imaging using international baselines of the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR), and secondly, to constrain low-frequency spectra of compact and diffuse emission in the central starburst region of M82 via high-resolution radio imaging at low frequencies. The international LOFAR telescope was used to observe M82 at 110-126MHz and 146-162MHz. Images were obtained using standard techniques from very long baseline interferometry. images were obtained at each frequency range: one only using international baselines, and one only using the longest Dutch (remote) baselines. The 154MHz image obtained using international baselines is a new imaging record in terms of combined image resolution (0.3$"$) and sensitivity ($\sigma$=0.15mJy/beam) at low frequencies ($<327$MHz). We detected 16 objects at 154MHz, six of these also at 118MHz. Four weaker but resolved features are also found: a linear (50pc) filament and three other resolved objects, of which two show a clear shell structure. We do not detect any emission from either supernova 2008iz or from the radio transient source 43.78+59.3. The images obtained using remote baselines show diffuse emission, associated with the outflow in M82, with reduced brightness in the region of the edge-on star-forming disk.