A new method for reconstructing the muon lateral distribution with an array of segmented counters

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel method for reconstructing the muon lateral distribution in cosmic ray air showers using segmented counters, improving accuracy and dynamic range for primary mass composition analysis.

Contribution

The paper presents a new reconstruction technique that reduces uncertainties and extends detector dynamic range, enhancing cosmic ray composition studies.

Findings

Reduced statistical uncertainty in muon count reconstruction.

Extended dynamic range of detectors for closer event detection.

Improved discrimination between heavy and light cosmic ray primaries.

Abstract

Although the origin of ultra high energy cosmic rays is still unknown, significant progress has been achieved in last decades with the construction of large arrays that are currently taking data. One of the most important pieces of information comes from the chemical composition of primary particles. It is well known that the muon content of air showers generated by the interaction of cosmic rays with the atmosphere is rather sensitive to primary mass. Therefore, the measurement of the number of muons at ground level is an essential ingredient to infer the cosmic ray mass composition. In this work we present a new method for reconstructing the muon lateral distribution function with an array of segmented counters. The energy range from .4 to 2.5 EeV is considered. For a triangular array spaced at 750 m we found that 450 m is the optimal distance to evaluate the number of muons. The corresponding statistical and systematic uncertainties of the new and of a previous reconstruction methods are compared. Since the statistical uncertainty of the new reconstruction is less than in the original one, the power to discriminate between heavy and light cosmic ray primaries is enhanced. The detector dynamic range is also extended in the new reconstruction, so events falling closer to a detector can be included in composition studies.