The in-plane gradient magnetic field induced vortex lattices in spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensations

TL;DR

This paper investigates how in-plane gradient magnetic fields influence vortex lattice formations in spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates, revealing tunable vortex states and phase diagrams driven by magnetic field parameters.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive analysis of vortex lattice states in spin-orbit coupled BECs under in-plane gradient magnetic fields, highlighting the transition from giant vortices to lattice configurations.

Findings

Giant vortices can form without trap rotation.

Vortex configurations are highly tunable via magnetic field parameters.

Phase diagrams of vortex states are systematically constructed.

Abstract

We consider the ground-state properties of the two-component spin-orbit coupled ultracold bosons subject to a rotationally symmetric in-plane gradient magnetic field. In the non-interacting case, the ground state supports giant-vortices carrying large angular momenta without rotating the trap. The vorticity is highly tunable by varying the amplitudes and orientations of the magnetic field. Interactions drive the system from a giant-vortex state to various configurations of vortex lattice states along a ring. Vortices exhibit ellipse-shaped envelops with the major and minor axes determined by the spin-orbit coupling and healing lengths, respectively. Phase diagrams of vortex lattice configurations are constructed and their stabilities are analyzed.