Direct Experimental Evidence of the Statistical Nature of the Electron Gas in Superconducting Films

TL;DR

This study provides direct experimental evidence of the statistical properties of the electron gas in superconducting films by measuring intensity correlations, revealing fundamental quantum statistical behavior in both normal and superconducting states.

Contribution

It adapts the Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiment to solid-state electron gases, demonstrating their statistical nature in superconducting films.

Findings

Correlation measurements reveal the statistical nature of the electron gas.

Results differ above and below the superconducting transition temperature.

Experimental evidence supports quantum statistical models of electron behavior.

Abstract

In an Nb film an alternate electrical current is partitioned at a Y-shaped obstacle into two splitted beams. The intensity-fluctuation correlation of the two beams (cross-correlation) and the intensity- fluctuation correlation of one beam (auto-correlation) are measured within a low-frequency bandwidth as a function of the incident beam intensity, at temperatures T above or below the temperature Tc of the superconductive transition. The results of these measurements reveal the statistical nature of the electron gas in the normal film and in the superconducting film. The conceptual scheme of the present experiment is a version of the Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) experiment, here adopted for a gas of particles in a solid.