Do Black Holes Exist?

TL;DR

This paper examines the definitions of black holes through horizons, introduces a non-singular black hole model with a closed apparent horizon, and proposes a massive shell model for particle creation with negligible backreaction effects.

Contribution

It presents a non-singular black hole model with a closed apparent horizon and a massive shell model for particle creation, highlighting minimal backreaction for large-mass black holes.

Findings

Non-singular black hole model with closed apparent horizon

Particle creation model with negligible backreaction for large black holes

Comparison of event and apparent horizon definitions

Abstract

We discuss and compare definitions of a black hole based on the existence of event and apparent horizons. In this connection we present a non-singular model of a black hole with a closed apparent horizon and discuss its properties. We propose a massive thin shell model for consistent description of particles creation in black holes. Using this model we demonstrate that for black holes with mass much larger than the Planckian one the backreaction of the domain, where the particles are created, on the black hole parameters is negligibly small.