Viral RNA replication modes: evolutionary and dynamical implications

TL;DR

This paper reviews viral RNA replication modes, their evolutionary and dynamical implications, and presents mathematical analysis showing the stability of viral strand coexistence, highlighting differences between SMR and GR models.

Contribution

It provides a mathematical analysis of viral replication modes, demonstrating the stability of strand coexistence and clarifying their evolutionary and dynamical consequences.

Findings

SMR model indicated for Turnip mosaic virus

Interior equilibrium with coexisting strands is globally stable

Different replication modes affect viral evolution and dynamics

Abstract

Viruses can amplify their genomes following different replication modes (RMs) ranging from the stamping machine replication (SMR) model to the geometric replication (GR) model. Different RMs are expected to produce different evolutionary and dynamical outcomes in viral quasispecies due to differences in the mutations accumulation rate. Theoretical and computational models revealed that while SMR may provide RNA viruses with mutational robustness, GR may confer a dynamical advantage against genomes degradation. Here, recent advances in the investigation of the RM in positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses are reviewed. Dynamical experimental quantification of Turnip mosaic virus RNA strands, together with a nonlinear mathematical model, indicated the SMR model for this pathogen. The same mathematical model for natural infections is here further analyzed, and we prove that the interior equilibrium involving coexistence of both positive and negative viral strands is globally asymptotically stable.