Experimental demonstration of graph-state quantum secret sharing

TL;DR

This paper experimentally demonstrates quantum secret sharing using a five-qubit graph state in an optical setup, enabling secure multi-party quantum communication with integrated protocols.

Contribution

First experimental implementation of graph-state quantum secret sharing with integrated protocols in an optical system.

Findings

Successfully encoded, distributed, and shared quantum information among four parties.

Integrated three distinct secret sharing protocols for enhanced security.

Showed graph states' potential for complex quantum network protocols.

Abstract

Distributed quantum communication and quantum computing offer many new opportunities for quantum information processing. Here networks based on highly nonlocal quantum resources with complex entanglement structures have been proposed for distributing, sharing and processing quantum information. Graph states in particular have emerged as powerful resources for such tasks using measurement-based techniques. We report an experimental demonstration of graph-state quantum secret sharing, an important primitive for a quantum network. We use an all-optical setup to encode quantum information into photons representing a five-qubit graph state. We are able to reliably encode, distribute and share quantum information between four parties. In our experiment we demonstrate the integration of three distinct secret sharing protocols, which allow for security and protocol parameters not possible with any single protocol alone. Our results show that graph states are a promising approach for sophisticated multi-layered protocols in quantum networks.