Complex Langevin simulation of quantum vortices in a Bose-Einstein condensate

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the use of complex Langevin methods to simulate quantum vortices in a Bose-Einstein condensate, revealing vortex formation and quantized circulation under rotation.

Contribution

It introduces a novel application of complex Langevin techniques to ab-initio simulation of quantum vortices in Bose-Einstein condensates.

Findings

Vortices form above a critical angular velocity.

Circulation remains quantized despite quantum fluctuations.

Simulation confirms superfluid phase behavior.

Abstract

The ab-initio simulation of quantum vortices in a Bose-Einstein condensate is performed by adopting the complex Langevin techniques. We simulate the nonrelativistic boson field theory at finite chemical potential under rotation. In the superfluid phase, vortices are generated above a critical angular velocity and the circulation is clearly quantized even in the presence of quantum fluctuations.