TL;DR
Ion Coulomb crystals are ordered structures of trapped ions with unique properties, useful for quantum simulation, frequency standards, and chemical reaction measurements, arising from a balance of trapping forces and Coulomb repulsion.
Contribution
This paper reviews the formation, properties, and diverse applications of ion Coulomb crystals in various scientific fields.
Findings
Ion Coulomb crystals exhibit well-defined crystal structures.
They enable precise measurements of chemical reaction cross sections.
Applications include quantum simulation and frequency standards.
Abstract
Ion Coulomb crystals (ICC), formed by atomic ions at low temperatures in radiofrequency and Penning ion traps, are structures that have remarkable properties and many applications. Images of Coulomb crystals are striking and reveal the crystal structure, which arises from a balance between the trapping forces acting on the ions and their mutual Coulomb repulsion. Applications of these structures range from frequency standards and quantum simulation through to measurement of the cross sections of chemical reactions of ions.
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