The calibration system for the photomultiplier array of the SNO+   experiment

R. Alves (1); S. Andringa (2); S. Bradbury (3); J. Carvalho (1); D.; Chauhan (2; 4); K. Clark (5; 11); I. Coulter (6); F. Descamps (7); E.; Falk (5); L. Gurriana (2); C. Kraus (4); G. Lefeuvre (5); A. Maio (2; 8 and; 9); J. Maneira (2; 8); M. Mottram (5); S. Peeters (5); J. Rose (10); L.; Seabra (2); J. Sinclair (5); P. Skensved (11); J. Waterfield (5); R. White; (5); J. R. Wilson (12) ((1) LIP; University; Coimbra; Portugal; (2) LIP,; Lisboa; Portugal; (3) University of Leeds; UK; (4) Laurentian University,; Sudbury; Canada; (5) University of Sussex; Brighton; UK; (6) Oxford; University; UK; (7) LBNL; Berkeley; USA; (8) FCUL; University of Lisbon,; Portugal; (9) CFNUL; University of Lisbon; Portugal; (10) University of; Liverpool; UK; (11) Queen's University; Kingston; Canada; (12) Queen Mary,; University of London; UK)

arXiv:1411.4830·physics.ins-det·March 4, 2015

The calibration system for the photomultiplier array of the SNO+ experiment

R. Alves (1), S. Andringa (2), S. Bradbury (3), J. Carvalho (1), D., Chauhan (2, 4), K. Clark (5, 11), I. Coulter (6), F. Descamps (7), E., Falk (5), L. Gurriana (2), C. Kraus (4), G. Lefeuvre (5), A. Maio (2, 8 and, 9), J. Maneira (2, 8), M. Mottram (5), S. Peeters (5)

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TL;DR

This paper describes the design, implementation, and testing of a light injection calibration system for the SNO+ experiment's photomultiplier array, ensuring accurate performance monitoring with minimal background interference.

Contribution

It introduces a novel LED and optical fibre-based calibration system tailored for large, low-background detectors like SNO+.

Findings

01

System meets performance requirements in commissioning tests

02

Monte Carlo simulations agree with test results

03

Ensures accurate, regular calibration with minimal radioactivity ingress

Abstract

A light injection system using LEDs and optical fibres was designed for the calibration and monitoring of the photomultiplier array of the SNO+ experiment at SNOLAB. Large volume, non-segmented, low-background detectors for rare event physics, such as the multi-purpose SNO+ experiment, need a calibration system that allow an accurate and regular measurement of the performance parameters of their photomultiplier arrays, while minimising the risk of radioactivity ingress. The design implemented for SNO+ uses a set of optical fibres to inject light pulses from external LEDs into the detector. The design, fabrication and installation of this light injection system, as well as the first commissioning tests, are described in this paper. Monte Carlo simulations were compared with the commissioning test results, confirming that the system meets the performance requirements.

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