Evidence of delayed light emission of TetraPhenyl Butadiene excited by liquid Argon scintillation light

TL;DR

This study reveals that TetraPhenyl Butadiene exhibits delayed light emission when excited by liquid Argon scintillation photons, due to triplet state de-excitations, which may explain longstanding anomalies in liquid Argon scintillation measurements.

Contribution

The paper provides the first detailed analysis of the time dependence of TetraPhenyl Butadiene's emission, highlighting the presence of slow components from triplet states that impact scintillation detection.

Findings

TetraPhenyl Butadiene shows delayed emission components.

The delayed emission is due to triplet state de-excitations.

This effect explains previous inconsistencies in liquid Argon scintillation data.

Abstract

TetraPhenyl Butadiene is the wavelength shifter most widely used in combination with liquid Argon. The latter emits scintillation photons with a wavelength of 127 nm that need to be downshifted to be detected by photomultipliers with glass or quartz windows. TetraPhenyl Butadiene has been demonstrated to have an extremely high conversion efficiency, possibly higher than 100 % for 127 nm photons, while there is no precise information about the time dependence of its emission. It is usually assumed to be exponentially decaying with a characteristic time of the order of one ns, as an extrapolation from measurements with exciting radiation in the near UV. This work shows that TetraPhenyl Butadiene, when excited by 127 nm photons, reemits photons not only with a very short decay time, but also with slower ones due to triplet states de-excitations. This fact can strongly contribute to clarify the anomalies in liquid Argon scintillation light reported in literature since seventies, namely the inconsistency in the measured values of the long decay time constant and the appearance of an intermediate component. Similar effects should be also expected when the TPB is used in combination with Helium and Neon, that emit scintillation photons with wavelengths shorter than 127 nm.