Decoherence Effects on the Non-locality of Symmetric States

TL;DR

This paper studies how decoherence affects the non-local properties of symmetric multipartite entangled states, identifying conditions for observing non-locality under noise and optimizing measurement strategies for robustness.

Contribution

It introduces a method to analyze the robustness of non-locality in symmetric states under decoherence using Bell inequalities based on Hardy's paradox, with practical thresholds and optimization techniques.

Findings

Non-locality of $W$ states is robust for many qubits under phase damping.

Optimal measurement bases can trade off between violation strength and robustness.

The techniques help discriminate symmetric states across different entanglement classes.

Abstract

The observation of the non-local properties of multipartite entangled states is of great importance for quantum information protocols. Such properties, however, are fragile and may not be observed in the presence of decoherence exhibited by practical physical systems. In this work, we investigate the robustness of the non-locality of symmetric states experiencing phase and amplitude damping, using suitable Bell inequalities based on an extended version of Hardy's paradox. We derive thresholds for observing non-locality in terms of experimental noise parameters, and demonstrate the importance of the choice of the measurement bases for optimizing the robustness. For $W$ states, in the phase damping case, we show that this choice can lead to a trade-off between obtaining a high violation of the non-local test and optimal robustness thresholds; we also show that in this setting the non-locality of $W$ states is particularly robust for a large number of qubits. Furthermore, we apply our techniques to the discrimination of symmetric states belonging to different entanglement classes, thus illustrating their usefulness for a wide range of practical quantum information applications.